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Fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or around the uterus. They are also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas. Fibroids are made up of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size. They can be as small as a seed or as large as a grapefruit. Fibroids can be single or multiple and may grow inside the uterus, on the outer surface of the uterus, or within the uterine wall. They are quite common, with about 70-80% of women developing fibroids by the age of 50.
The symptoms of fibroids can vary depending on their size, location, and number. Some women may experience no symptoms at all, while others may have more severe symptoms. Common symptoms of fibroids include:
It is important to note that these symptoms are not exclusive to fibroids and can be caused by other conditions as well.
Uterine fibroids can sometimes affect fertility. While many women with fibroids are able to conceive and have successful pregnancies, some fibroids can interfere with the implantation of a fertilized egg or the development of the embryo. Fibroids that distort the shape of the uterus or block the fallopian tubes can make it more difficult for a woman to get pregnant. Additionally, large fibroids located in the uterine cavity can affect the blood supply to the uterine lining, making it less receptive to implantation.
Fibroids can also cause other fertility-related issues, such as recurrent miscarriages or preterm labor. However, the impact of fibroids on fertility varies from woman to woman, and not all fibroids will cause problems.
The exact cause of fibroids is unknown, but several factors may contribute to their development. These include:
It is important to note that while these factors may increase the risk of fibroids, they do not guarantee their development. Many women with one or more of these risk factors may never develop fibroids, and vice versa.
A diagnosis of fibroids is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. The process may include the following steps:
Uterine fibroid embolisation (UFE) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat uterine fibroids. During the procedure, a radiologist inserts a thin catheter into the blood vessels that supply the fibroids via the groin artery and releases small particles to block the blood flow, causing the fibroids to shrink and die.
The best candidates for uterine fibroid embolisation are women who have symptomatic fibroids, over the age of 35 and desire a non-surgical treatment option. UFE is particularly suitable for women who want to preserve their uterus and avoid surgery, such as a hysterectomy.
Some other benefits of UFE include:
Procedure usually only requires sedation and local anaesthetic (not full body) and does not cause scarring like most other surgery. The post-op pain after UFE is moderate in nature but will wane after a couple of days and is typically less than than open surgery pain.. 80-90% patients will experience significant symptomatic relief and there is usually a faster recovery time and reduced risk of infection compared to open surgery.
However, not all women with fibroids are suitable candidates for UFE. Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or have certain medical conditions that affect blood flow may not be eligible for the procedure.
The amount of shrinkage of fibroids after uterine fibroid embolization (UFE) can vary from woman to woman. On average, studies have shown that UFE can result in a 40-60% reduction in fibroid volume within six months to one year after the procedure. However, it is important to note that the actual amount of shrinkage can depend on factors such as the size and location of the fibroids, as well as individual variations in response to the treatment.
Some women may experience significant shrinkage, while others may see more modest reductions. It is also possible for fibroids to continue shrinking for several years after UFE. The main goal of UFE is to alleviate symptoms associated with fibroids, such as heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pain, rather than focusing solely on fibroid size reduction.
